![]() ![]() Here we provide a synthesis of understanding of the form and extent of this alteration, some of the key consequences for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, interactions and synergies with other anthropogenic pressures on the environment, major uncertainties, and future prospects and management options. ![]() Given the long geological periods for which light cycles have previously been consistent, this constitutes a novel environmental pressure, and one for which there is evidence for biological effects that span from molecular to community level. This alteration comprises the introduction of light at night at places and times at which it has not previously occurred, and with different spectral signatures. Artificial light at night is profoundly altering natural light cycles, particularly as perceived by many organisms, over extensive areas of the globe.
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